Hi Kathryn,
I think the best option would be to speak to an agent, there are lots out there but some post on here have good reviews - Alan Collet and PTLabs come to mind. Most will give you free inital advice or a small charge for a more in depth assessment.
If you want to go it alone (which is what I am doing), then you need to check a few things i.e. whether you meet the requirements. Basically if you job isnt on the SOL (Skilled occupation List) then you cant apply for a 175 visa (skilled independant)
Link to SOL
http://www.immi.gov.au/allforms/pdf/1121i.pdf
There are other types of visa but I know very little about them, se below
475 - temporary visa entitles you to work for 3 months to 4 years, think you need a australian employer to sponser
Student visa - you first need an offer on course in Oz, then you have to pay course fees up front for first year (not cheap either). Restrictions on what you work - think 20 hours a week and other limitations
Buisness - lots of requirments to qualify from what I understand
Retirement - I dont think your ready for that just yet
Family - Unless you can marry your 19 year old off to an Ozzie :) and even then I'm not sure you'd qualify as dependants on him!
You can find more on
Link to DIAC
Visas & Immigration
If you do qualify for one of the visa you also have to meet the basic requirements such as health and age.
Booklet 6 is a good source of information
Australian General Skilled Migration Booklet
for skilled migration which is the most common.
Hope the rambling post hasn't confused you, ask away if you need further help